1. What archaeology is, and what it is not

Note. FOUR COMPARISONS AND THEN THE ONE THAT MATTERS. The four are anthropology, geology, paleontology and history, and the requirement asks how archaeology DIFFERS FROM OR RELATES TO each, so an answer that only separates them has done half the job: archaeology is a branch of anthropology, and it borrows method from geology and questions from history. The one that matters is the last sentence, how archaeology differs from artifact collecting and treasure hunting. That answer is context and record: an archaeologist wants to know where a thing lay and what lay beside it, and a collector wants the thing. Requirements 5, 6, 10 and 11 are all built on that distinction, so it is worth getting right on day one rather than reciting it.